31
«Hiatus [before an atonic syllable] was very unusual with Lope» (Poesse, p. 64). «Hiatus before an aspirate h and an unstressed vowel, as well as before an unstressed vowel alone, must, therefore, be considered abnormal in Lope» (Poesse, p. 77).
32
«H from Latin f was not pronounced [by Lope]» (Poesse, p. 62).
33
Toledano was the most widely praised variety of Castilian, and Toledan usage had legal status as Spain's linguistic standard (F. González Ollé, «Un informe de 1576 sobre el habla de Toledo y su aplicación como modelo idiomático», in Homenaje a Eugenio Asensio [Madrid: Gredos, 1988], pp. 215-23). Alcalá de Henares, Cervantes' birthplace, was linguistically part of Toledo, which Madrid was not.
34
English spelling was and remains much more anarchic than that of Spanish, and the problems of modernization are more complex. Still, the general editor of the Oxford Shakespeare, Stanley Wells, makes a strong case for modernization in «Old and Modern Spelling», Chapter 1 of Re-Editing Shakespeare for the Modern Reader (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984).
35
«Todos los poetas antiguos escrivieron en la lengua que mamaron en la leche, y no fueron a buscar las estrangeras para declarar la alteza de sus conceptos. Y, siendo esto assí, razón sería se estendiesse esta costumbre por todas las naciones, y que no se desestimasse el poeta alemán porque escrive en su lengua, ni el castellano, ni aun el vizcaíno que escrive en la suya» (Don Quixote, III, 205, 27-206, 3). On Cervantes' placing Spanish authors ahead of Latin ones, see A Study of Don Quixote, pp. 75-76, and «Cervantes and Tasso Reexamined», KRQ, 31 (1984), 305-17, at p. 306 (an updated translation of this article is about to appear in my Estudios cervantinos [Barcelona: Quaderns Crema, in press]).
36
Important statement of Cervantes' linguistic virtuosity, chronologically by date of first publication: Helmut Hatzfeld, El Quijote como obra de arte del lenguaje, 2nd edition (Madrid: CSIC, 1966); Leo Spitzer, «Linguistic Perspectivism in the Don Quijote», reprinted with introduction in Spitzer's Representative Essays, ed. Alban K. Forcione, Herbert Lindenberger, and Madeline Sutherland (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988), pp. 222-71; Monique Joly, «Cervantes et le refus des codes: le problème du 'sayagués'», Imprévue (1978), 122-45.
37
«Como gitana, hablava ceçeoso, y esto es artificio en ellas, que no naturaleza» («La gitanilla», Novelas exemplares, I, 41, 25-26).
38
In Chapter 8 of Part I of Don Quixote, and in Act I of La casa de los zelos.
39
Don Quixote, I, 37, 25-26. «Palabras claras, llanas y significantes» are requested at Don Quixote III, 245, 6-7.
40
Don Quixote, III, 244, 30-31.