1
Our orientation is that of William R. Shoemaker who writes: «A literary author qua author is his text and is known by his text and not otherwise, whatever may have been his ideas, knowledge and beliefs expressed elsewhere and whatever his undeclared, or declared but unrealized, intentions in the text itself». «Galdós' Literary Creativity: D. José Ido del Sagrario», Hispanic Review, xix (1951), 209.
2
Dr. Allison is a practicing psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, a physician, Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Washington, and a training analyst in the Seattle Psychoanalytic Institute. A technical version of this article, entitled «The Intuitive Psychoanalytic Perspective of Galdós in 'Fortunata y Jacinta'» has been published in the proceedings of the 28th International Psycho-Analytical Congress, Paris (July 1973) in: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, and Bulletin of the International Psycho-Analytical Association, LV (1974), 333-43.
3
For a critical, scholary study of psychiatry in Spain in this period see: Julián Espinosa Iborra M.D., La asistencia psiquiátrica en la España del siglo XIX (Valencia, 1966). For an account that focuses on neurology-psychiatry, see the short account of Luis G. Granjel, M.D., Historia de la medicina española (Barcelona, 1962). See also the survey by Trino Peraza de Ayala, La Psiquiatría española en el siglo XIX (Madrid, 1947).
4
Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud, «Studies in Hysteria» [1893-1895], as reprinted in: The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, tr. and ed. James Strachey et al (London, 1953- ), II. Hereafter: Freud, Standard Edition.
5
Joseph Schraibman, Dreams in the Novels of Galdós (New York, 1960), 2-26, 179-85.
6
L. B. Walton, «La Psicología anormal en la obra de Galdós», Boletín del Instituto Español [London], IV (Feb 1948), 11.
7
Leota W. Elliott and F. M. Kercheville, «Galdós and Abnormal Psychology», Hispania, XXIII (1940), 27-36.
8
Alan Morgenstern M.D., «Within a Borderline Syndrome: An Experiential View of Illness and Theraphy». Unpublished paper presented to the Seattle Psychoanalytic Society, February 11, 1974.
9
For the work of Eugen Bleuler, first published in 1911, see the English translation by Joseph Zinkin: Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias (New York, 1950).
10
An excellent recent work on the «object relations» theory of schizophrenia is: Donald L. Burnham, M.D., Arthur I. Gladstone, Ph. D. and Robert W. Gibson, M.D., Schizophrenia and the Need-Fear Dilemma (New York, 1969). See particularly Chapter Two, «Schizophrenia and Object Relations».