Connectivity: Transferring Foreign Language Files

University of Toledo

Connectivity, one of the computer industry's hottest buzzwords, can be loosely defined as the ability of different brands, models and sizes of computers to exchange information. This means that a word processing, spread sheet or database document created on a PC, a Mac, a NeXT, a Wang, or a mainframe can be transferred among these computers and used as if it had been created originally on any of these machines. While we in modern foreign languages may be less likely to want to exchange databases or spreadsheets between different microcomputers, it is highly probable that we all will have to be able to do so with word processor files sooner or later. In my case, it happened sooner.

Over the past months, I had several articles accepted only to discover that the accepting journals required the final copy on diskette in a very specific word processing format, Microsoft Word 4.0 for the Macintosh. A colleague in French here told me of similar requests in his field, but for files in WordPerfect 5.0 format. The reason behind this is found in the 37 to 50 percent savings in cost plus the nearly complete control that journal editors can achieve if they do their page layout and typsetting electronically. Word 4.0 on the Macintosh and WordPerfect on the PC are word processors whose power approaches that of some of the better desktop publishing programs. Though these programs can be used on their own for desktop publishing, most editors use them as an intermediate assembly point for materials ultimately destined for programs such as PageMaker, Quark Xpress, Frame Maker, Interleaf and Ventura Publisher, whose abilities to handle complex combinations of text and graphics in lengthy documents make them ideal for most of the journals in which we publish. Microsoft Word 4.0, for example, works hand-in-glove with PageMaker and its strengths as a word processing program offset PageMaker's weaknesses in this area. XyWrite and Word Perfect do the same for Ventura.

While exchanging articles between word processors on different computers may be your first encounter with connectivity, there are many other reasons to know how to go about it.

For example, if you scan text on one brand of computer and have colleagues who use an other, exchanging the data between the two computers can be a lot more cost effective than purchasing a second computer interface for the scanner and having to switch the cables around every time someone changes computers. Or if you work with hypermedia and want to achieve the largest possible dissemination for your materials, you will want to develop them on more than one brand of computer.

In the case of my articles, one presented no problems as I had written it in Word 4.0, but I did the other one, nearly twenty-five pages, in Nota Bene 3.0 on my PC. Were I not able to easily exchange this data between the two computers, I would have been faced with a number of unpleasant alternatives: retype the entire Nota Bene article in Word 4.0, which means finding a Macintosh and, in many cases, learning the other word processing program; print the article out and locate a Macintosh connected to a scanner; or pay a professional company to convert the data for me. The solution to this problem, connectivity, can be as simple and cheap or as sophisticated and expensive as you desire. Any of the solutions that you choose from those that I describe below will keep your accents and other diacritical marks intact without having to do any prior conversion; some will even retain your page layout, tabs, indents, bolding and italicized text; none will require an advanced course in computer programming to carry out.

A simple tour through advertisements in the major computer magazines clearly indicates that the Macintosh-related companies have been much more concerned with connectivity and data sharing than have their PC counterparts¹⁰³. In fact, the principal Mac word processing programs -MacWrite is an excellent example (see the related note under «Reports and Notes») -have facilitated data sharing

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for a number of years. The variety of available hardware and software is substantial, ranging from highly sophisticated internal floppy drives that read the data from disks created on other computers to external disk drives that you can add to either Mac's or PC's that will read each other's formats to simple cables that connect two computers running communications software. Likewise, there are sophisticated data translation programs that convert files from one word processor format to another.

Software manufacturers that sell versions of the same program for use on Mac's and PC's already make it easy to use the data created on one machine on the other. WordPerfect, Microsoft Word and PageMaker are several excellent examples that come to mind. The manuals that accompany these programs usually provide clear instructions on how to save your document in a file format that the other computer can use. For example, if you create a word processing document in Word Perfect 5.0 on your PC, by saving it in version 4.2 format (CTRL-F5, 4) you can then transfer it and use it in WordPerfect 1.2 on the Mac. If you are fortunate enough to be working with one of these compatible programs, you only face the problem of physically moving the file from the one computer to the other. However, if you are in a situation like mine, PC Nota Bene to Mac Word, you must then confront a second obstacle of file translation. In reality, neither is much of a problem as there are a number of options available to you, and since they are the most numerous on the Macintosh, I will begin there.

The simplest yet most expensive solution is to acquire one of the newer Macintoshes with a «Super Drive», sometimes called a FDHD drive (floppy drive high density). These are standard equipment on all of the new SE/30, IIci, IIcx, and IIfx models and on many of the older model SE's manufactured in the last few months. They read and write Apple's standard 800K diskettes along with the older 400k and the newer 1.44 megabyte high density disks. When used in conjunction with the Apple File Exchange program that is supplied with all Macintoshes, these drives can format, read and write disks from PC's and from other Apple computers such as the IIgs operating under ProDOS. In order to exchange files between a Mac and a PC with the Apple File Exchange utility you must use a 3½ inch high density diskette (they usually have the letters HD stamped on them and have square holes cut on both sides of one end of the disk instead of just one). Your PC must have a 1.44 megabyte floppy drive and you should save your word processing file in «text only» format. You then run the Apple File Exchange program on the Mac and, once it is set up on the screen (see figure 1 at the end of this article), you can insert the HD diskette from your PC. I have found it beneficial to frequently check the translation options to verify that you have chosen all the proper choices for transfer. This is particularly important when transferring files containing foreign language diacritical marks (see figure 2). You can then go either way: from PC to MAC format or viceversa. I recommend using the Apple File Exchange utility only for text that has not been bolded or italicized. If you wish to retain the text formatting as you move from one computer to the other, you will probably prefer one of the other solutions that I'll give below.

An even more elegant and painless approach is to use Dayna Communication's DOS Mounter program (about $60) with one of the «Super Drives.» This program loads into memory when you start your Mac and treats 1.44 megabyte high-density or 720k PC diskettes as if they were regular Mac disks. While you will still have to further process your files through one of the «translation» programs, Apple File Exchange for example, Dos Mounter vastly simplifies things by making both sizes of PC diskettes available to you. I run this program on my IIcx and no longer worry about which disk to insert, Mac or PC, 1.44 meg., 800 or 720k. The Mac treats them all the same.

If you already have one of the older Macintosh SE's or Plus's without a «Super Drive», there are a number of external disk drives that you can connect to your computer that read and write PC disks. Apple Computer, Inc. makes the Apple 5.25 inch external drive ($375.00)¹⁰⁴ that will read and write a 360k PC disk. It is used in conjunction with the Apple File Exchange program. Dayna Communications, Inc. manufactures two products: a single 5.25 inch external drive ($498.00) that also reads and writes 360k PC disks, and a dual drive ($749.00) that reads and writes to 5.25 inch 360k and 3.5 inch 1.44 meg. PC disks¹⁰⁵. Both come with Dayna file translation software. PLI makes the TurboFloppy 1.4 Enhanced

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drive ($397.00) that will read and write a 3.5 inch 1.44 meg. and 720k PC disks. Kennect Technology offers several products: Rapport ($199.00), a small device that plugs into the Mac's external floppy port and gives the internal drive the capability of reading 720k PC disks, Drive 2.4 ($329.00), an external drive that works with Rapport to read, write and format 3.5 inch disks in any Apple, Mac or PC format, Drive 360 ($395.00) for 360k DOS disks and 140k ProDOS floppies, and Drive 1200 ($395.00) for 1.2 megabyte 5.25 inch DOS diskettes.

Finally, there are programs that make use of the FDHD or «Super Drive» such as SoftPC ($245.00) that allows you to turn your Mac into a PC-clone and not just use the file from the one machine on the other but actually run the entire PC program on the Mac. For an additional $125, you can turn your Mac into an AT-clone with a Soft PC add-on module.

Among the less expensive solutions to the connectivity problem, there are excellent file transfer and translation programs such as MacLink PlusIPC from Data Viz ($119.00). Maclink is made up of three things: a cable with which you connect the serial ports of the Mac and the PC, software programs that run on both machines to carry out the transfer of data, and an excellent set of programs that should certainly fit our needs for quite a while. It is imperative, though, that you specifically order the «European version» of Maclink because the «regular version» will not transfer foreign language diacritical marks. The «European version» can be set to transfer in English (U.S.A. or United Kingdom), French (France or French Canada), Spanish (Spain and Latin America), German, Italian, Swedish, Dutch and Belgian.

While you can use Maclink over a network of Mac's and PC's, or through a modem connection between two computers, my experience has been with the simple cable that DataViz provides. Though the cable itself is only 6 feet long you can bridge longer distances between a Mac and a PC by connecting the Maclink cable to a serial cable of virtually any length. I've used mine frequently with a 25-foot serial cable to connect a PC and a Mac on opposite sides of my basement. The prime advantage of the cable connection is speed. With a modem, you are limited to it's speed: 300, 1200 or 2400 baud. The cable connection allows data transfer at 57600 baud, which is very handy when transferring large files. If you have access to a newer Macintosh and can run Danya's Dos Mounter in conjunction with a «Super Drive», you can dispense with the cable completely.

Once you make the physical connection between the computers with the cable, the second step is to run the Maclink software on the PC and the Mac to transfer the file or files. The next step is to select the translators, and then the files (see figure 3). You then click on the «Connect» button on the Mac screen and the program provides you a listing of all directories, subdirectories and files on your PC. These appear in the familiar Macintosh form of file folders that you click on to open and close (see figure 4). A button at the end of an arrow in the center of the screen selects the direction of the transfer and translation. Maclink currently supports translation of documents in many formats. Among them are: (Macintosh) Binary, DBase, DIF (Data Interchange Format), Excel, Lotus, MacWrite, MS Word, Multiplan, PageMaker, WordPerfect, MS Works (word processor), and Write Now; (PC) Binary, DBase, DIF, Excel, Lotus, Multimate, Multiplan, OfficeWriter, ASCII Text, WordPerfect, Wordstar, WPS-Plus (a VAX/VMS word processor) and XyWrite III (which is, in essence, the word processing program that is used in Nota Bene).

As we know from Hispanic literature, good translations are actually re-creations, and some are better than others. Do not, for example, expect accurate translation of your footnotes, headers, footers, or special bibliographic formats. Most other parts of a document will translate properly, though. I converted this document from the PC WordPerfect 5.0 format in which I originally wrote it to Microsoft Word for the Macintosh using the MacLink translators. The results were most gratifying: the translated version retained most of the page layout, all line spacing, and text formatting (bolding and italicized text) that I specified in the original. The entire process of transfer and translation on my Mac IIcx took less than a minute. While the speed of transfer was equally fast with a document created in Nota Bene and translated to the Macintosh versions of WordPerfect and Microsoft Word using the XyWrite translator that comes with MacLink, the results were different: the page layout and line spacing were retained for the most part, as was bolded text,

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but all italics were lost. All diacritical marks and accents transferred perfectly, though.

When I reversed the direction of the file translations, the results also changed: the translation of a file from Mac Word format to PC WordPerfect was accurate except for the loss of italics while the same document translated to Nota Bene (XyWrite) was nearly perfect, retaining bolding and italics.

Several other Macintosh software vendors offer transfer and translation programs: LapLink Mac ($119.00) from Travelling Software and Dayna Translation Software ($89.00) that works with Dayna Communications, Inc.'s external floppy drives that I mentioned above.

The abundance of hardware and excellent transfer and translation software for the Macintosh contrasts markedly with the general lack thereof for the PC. Whatever hardware you choose to purchase, though, please check with the vendor to be certain that it will work in your machine. While I use the term PC to refer to IBM and IBM-compatible computers, the two are quite incompatible when it comes to the plug-in electronic cards that connect external devices to the computer. The IBM PS/2 line of computers uses a design known as Micro Channel Architecture (MCA bus, for short). Ninety percent of the «compatible computers» use a version of the older AT-bus (the EISA bus [Extended Industry Standard Architecture] standard is also based on it) whose plug-in cards will not fit into the slots of IBM PS/2 computers and vice versa.

Micro Solutions of Dekalb, Illinois manufactures MatchMaker ($149.00), a combination of hardware card (AT-bus only) and software program that will allow you to read, write and format Macintosh disks on your PC. You must, however, connect this device to a Macintosh external floppy drive ($198.00) as Match Maker does not come with its own external drive. Micro Solutions also makes Match Point-PC, a similar device that will let you read and write Apple II disks on your PC.

Central Point Software sells the Deluxe Option Board ($99.00), an electronic device that fits in one of the expansion slots (AT-bus only) and that allows the 3.5 inch floppy drive already in your PC to read and write Macintosh 800k and 1.44 meg. disks. The accompanying software requires that your PC be equipped with a hard disk for operation.

The problem of document translation between different programs on the PC is ad dressed by two programs: Word for Word, from DS Technologies, and Software Bridge from Systems Compatibility Corporation¹⁰⁶. My experience with the two has been that Word for Word is the stronger for translations between PC programs only, while Software Bridge retains the significant plus of also translating between PC and Mac formats. Both of these programs sell for about $100.00

Software Bridge provided better translations of files from the Mac to the PC than it did from the PC to the Mac. I translated the same file created in Microsoft Word on the Mac to WordPerfect and Nota Bene on the PC with very mixed results: the Word to PC Word Perfect translation was excellent with virtually all page layout and formatting retained while the Word to Nota Bene was disappointing in that, while bolding was retained, italics were lost in the translation. The files that I created on my PC in WordPerfect and Nota Bene lost all text attributes-italics and bolding when I converted them to Mac Word with the Software Bridge. While Software Bridge does not translate as wide a range of file formats or as well as MacLink, it will provide very basic translation and transfer services especially if used in conjunction with hardware such as MatchMaker or the Delux Option Board.

The cheapest way to transfer files from PC's to Mac's is by using a «null modem» ($4.95) and a cable to connect the two. The null modem is a small, flat oblong device that plugs into the end of a serial cable ($9.95) and allows the two computers to communicate with each other as if they were connected over telephone lines by regular modems. To connect a Mac to a PC, you must be very careful to purchase a serial cable with a Macintosh connector on one end. The Mac cable has a small, round connector on one end and a twenty-five pin D-shaped connector on the other. PC serial cables have twenty-five pin D-shaped connectors on both ends.

Besides being the cheapest of all the connectivity solutions, the combination of null modem and serial cable-sometimes you can find all in one, a null modem cable-allows for relatively high speeds in data transfer. The exact speed will depend on the telecommunications software that you use on each computer. My favorite is Kermit for both the PC and the Mac because it is fast, flexible and free. Most university computer centers can

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provide you with a copy if you bring along a blank disk¹⁰⁷.

With Kermit running on the PC and Mac, I achieve a transfer speed of 57,600 baud, the same as the MacLink cable and software. Since foreign languages use special characters that reside in the «extended character set» on the PC, you must be certain to set both communication programs to transfer data at 8 bits (see figure 5). I set the Mac and PC Kermit to operate at 57,600 baud, 8 bits and No parity. I then set up one computer as the server and the other as the client and transfer the files using commands similar to those we use to obtain files from the Depositorio Hispánico over BITNET¹⁰⁸. The process is simple and is as follows: (1) set the communication protocols (baud, bit and parity) correctly on both computers, (2) select one of the two to be the server by either typing the word SERVER and pressing RETURN/ENTER at the Kermit screen prompt (MS-Kermit>) on the PC or by clicking on the words «Be a server» on the pull-down menu on the Mac (see figure 6). You then use GET, SEND or DIRECTORY commands to obtain, send or list files from one computer to another. While most word processing files will transfer accurately using these settings with Kermit, those written in WordPerfect must be sent as BINARY files. This simply requires that you issue the command SET FILE TYPE BINARY from the Kermit> prompt on the PC and click the button next to the word Binary in the pull-down menu under File Settings on the Mac (see figure 7). When you have finished the transfer, you will still have to run your file(s) through the Apple File Exchange program, MacLink or similar translators in order to make them usable, but at less than $20.00, the cost of this method is hard to beat.

Connectivity opens new avenues for greater professional collaboration. The fact that other colleagues use different computers and word processors is no longer the problem that it once was thanks to the many solutions that are now on the computer market. Given the complexities that it entails, I consider the inaccuracies that I have found while transferring and translating computer files to be surprisingly minimal and quite acceptable, certainly when compared to the alternatives such as having to retype an entire manuscript, pay someone else to convert it or, perhaps, not see it in print at all. The corrections that you have to make can many times be done quickly and easily by using the global search and replace command in your word processor. At worst, you may have to read through the document and re-establish the text formatting that was lost. And, connectivity will improve as computer hardware and software companies learn the lesson that we already know: the value of speaking another language.

We welcome and encourage submissions for this section from colleagues who have information to share on the professional use of computers. If in the course of your work you discover something about any piece of hard ware or software that would be of interest to others in the language profession, please send us a brief note. We will attempt to pass along as many suggestions or announcements as space allows.

New Features of MacWrite II

In a past issue of Hispania I described several features of the word processor MacWrite II which would prove particularly useful for those who work with foreign languages (see March 1990, 319-20). Since that time, Clar is Corporation has added some new capabilities to the most recent release of the software -version 1.1- which also deserve mention.

The most noteworthy feature is improved «connectivity», the issue so aptly examined by Professor Feustle in his preceding article. By incorporating modules of MacLinkPlus translators into the software, the programmers have made it possible to directly import and export files in an even wider variety of formats. As Figure 1 illustrates, one can there fore open documents created with several of the most popular software packages on Macintosh, MS-DOS, Apple II, or NeXT computers:

Figure 1

One can also save a document in a similar variety of formats, as shown in Figure 2:

Figure 2

In addition to the above functions, the translator modules can «insert» files, making it possible to combine into one single document information from several different formats, including MacPaint, PICT, and TIFF graphics, as shown in Figure 3:

Figure 3

According to the documentation, it is possible to purchase additional MacLinkPlus translator modules for other types of formats, including Multimate, Wordstar Office Writer, and XyWrite III, to name only a few. Such versatility clearly indicates that MacWrite II provides one of the most powerful and comprehensive solutions to the problems of connectivity of any word processor currently available.

The updated «Help» feature of MacWrite II also merits scrutiny. Driven by a modified HyperCard system, it is an excellent example of how a well-designed stack can match, and perhaps even surpass, the usefulness of a

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erence manual. Most impressive of all, how ever, is that one can use the system to open other HyperCard stacks from within Mac Write II. To do so, simply enter the HyperTalk command «#-m» (hold down the Command key and type «m») to open the «message» box, type the word «go», and press Return, as illustrated in Figure 4:

Figure 4

The computer will then prompt you via a standard Macintosh dialog box to locate the stack you wish to open.

The advantages of this capability are evident: users can easily copy data from their stacks and paste it into a MacWrite II document. For example, let us imagine that I need to write a letter to Jim Chatham, the Executive Director of AATSP, but cannot remember his address. I can use the Help utility to locate the corresponding card in my Address stack. I then simply hold down the Option key, drag across the needed information, and use the standard Macintosh «copy» command (# -c), as illustrated in Figure 5:

Figure 5

Returning to my word processing document, I can now enter the address into the appropriate space using the «paste» command (#-v).

One can use similar steps to copy and paste graphics. The only difference is to hold down the Command key (#) instead of the Option key when selecting the material. For instance, in order to copy an illustration of Jorge Luis Borges from my stack on Latin American Civilization, I hold down the Command key, drag a box of dotted lines around his picture, and then copy it, as shown in Figure 6:

Figure 6

Just like the previous example, I can now return to MacKrite II and paste the picture into my document.

The aforementioned features constitute impressive improvements to an already excellent program, and one particularly suited to the needs of those in our profession. Not only does MacKrite II allow users to check their spelling in several different languages, it also effectively removed many of the major obstacles of sharing files with colleagues who use different types of computers and software an inevitable problem in practically any educational setting.

Those who already have the original version of MacWrite II can upgrade to release 1.1 free of charge; otherwise, the cost of the program is $249 retail, $145 by mail-order, and $76.70 at institutions with educational discounts. Each of the spelling dictionaries in Spanish, French, and German cost $49 retail and $30.50 with an educational discount. If there is not a designated Claris representative at your school, you can call their toll-free number 1-800-729-2292.

Mark D. Larsen

Utah State University

Foreign Language Spelling Checkers for Microsoft Word

Microsoft has recently released a set of supplemental dictionaries for its popular

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Microsoft Word word processing programs. With these dictionaries, you can check the spelling of documents in British [sic.], Dutch, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Swedish. The complete set costs $75.00 (plus applicable sales tax and shipping) and can be obtained for either the Macintosh (version 4.0) or PC (version 5.0) computers. You may order directly from Microsoft by dialing (800) 426-9400.

My experience with the Macintosh version is that it runs well except for a few minor quirks. You must start Microsoft Word with the particular foreign language dictionary that you use. That is as simple as clicking the mouse pointer twice on the Spanish «Diccionario principal.» You can then load your file and check the spelling just as you would using the English dictionary that comes with Word. However, you cannot have both dictionaries, English and Spanish, available to you at the same time. If you want to check some text in Spanish in a document that is otherwise written in English, you must save your text, exit Word, and restart it with the Spanish dictionary. You may then highlight the Spanish text and check it against the dictionary.

Like most other electronic Spanish dictionaries that I have used, WordPerfect to cite one example, the Microsoft Word dictionaries turn out to be rather non-literary. They are unaware of «libélulas» and «coleópteros» and will call these words to your attention as possible mistakes until you instruct the program to either ignore them or add them to your «user dictionary» which is called up each time you use the Spanish spelling checker in the future.

Figure 1

Joseph A. Feustle, Jr.

University of Toledo

Indexing Text on a Macintosh

If you have been searching for a Macintosh text indexing program comparable to Word Cruncher, ZyIndex, or Nota Bene's «text base» for the PC, you need look no farther than Free Text, a powerful, easy to use program by Mark Zimmermann that is available at no cost as «free ware.»

Free Text is made up of two programs, an indexing program and a browser, that run under HyperCard. Free Text is designed to index thousands of megabytes of text and will do so on a typical Macintosh Plus equipped with a hard disk at a rate of three megabytes per hour. The author claims an indexing rate of between 12 to 17 megabytes per hour on a Macintosh II.

The prime requisite for using Free Text is that your text be saved as «text only», that is without any bolding, underlining or italics. Virtually all word processing programs permit this as a function of the «save» command. In Microsoft Word, for example, this is accomplished by selecting the «save as» function in the «file menu», clicking on the «file format» button and then on the button next to the words «text only» (see Figure 1). The process of indexing text creates two additional files, so you will want to be certain that you have ample file space on your hard disk as the additional file space required may exceed 150% of your original text file. I indexed the text of Rubén Darío's Prosas Profanas, an 81kb text file, and wound up with two additional files that Free Text produced of 128 and 57 kilobytes respectively. A second requisite is that you have HyperCard also on your hard disk.

Once your text is in the appropriate format, you may index it with Free Text's indexing program (see Figure 2), «Free Text Help/Services v1.0» The program's ease of use comes from the HyperCard interface that Mr. Zimmerman has created for it. This makes using Free Text as easy as moving the pointer to a button, «Build Index» for example, and clicking there. As you can see from Figure 2, Free Text comes with ample information and documentation, including the actual source code. The program's speed comes from the fact that its indexing functions were created as XCFN's (external functions) to HyperCard. It took Free Text less than one minute to «crunch» the 81 kilobytes of Prosas Profanas. Each of

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the other areas on the computer screen shown in Figure 2 are buttons that link you to additional information related to Free Text.

After you have indexed your text, you may search it with Free Text's «Text Browser.» Like the indexing program, the browser uses a HyperCard interface to make looking at your text as easy as pointing and clicking with the mouse.

You open your index by clicking the mouse pointer on the open book at the top part of Figure 3. The top-most left and right hand windows list the word frequency for individual words. The window in the center shows the text, the «Palabras Liminares» in the case of Prosas Profanas.

I choose to examine the two appearances of the word «abismo» as is shown in Figure 4. As you can see, the middle window of the three shows the word in single-sentence con text. If you click the mouse pointer on the word «abismo» in the middle window, the result is a full-context view of the word in the bottom window where «abismo» is highlighted in reverse text on the screen, as is shown in Figure 5.

Unlike Hypercard, Free Text is sensitive to the difference between accented and unaccented words. Thus, if your text contains a typographical error such as mine does, zodiaco in the top right-hand window in Figures 3 through 5, Free Text will list two words; the mistaken form, and the correct form, zodíaco, that appears elsewhere in the text. You may also use Boolean logic (and/or/not) in various search combinations by simply moving the mouse pointer to the appropriate word or box and clicking there.

As I mentioned above, Free Text is indeed available free. I obtained my copy electronically from the Info-Mac archives on a computer at Stanford University. If you want to experiment with this program you may obtain it from that same source or from our own Depositorio Hispánico. Once you have the electronic copy on a Macintosh diskette, you will have to «unpack» it using the popular Stuff it archive utility program. To make things easier, you may send me a blank double-sided double-density Macintosh diskette along with a self-addressed stamped envelope and I will happily return a copy to you.

Joseph A. Feustle, Jr.

University of Toledo

Figure 5

Hispania [Publicaciones periódicas]. Volume 73, Number 4, December 1990